Magnetic charge propagation upon a 3D artificial spin-ice

Magnetic charge propagation in bulk frustrated materials has yielded a paradigm-shift science, allowing the symmetry between electricity and magnetism to be studied. Recent work is now suggesting magnetic dynamics upon spin-ice surface may have important implications determining ordering associated phase space. Here we detail 3D artificial spin-ice, nanostructured array of islands which captures exact geometry systems, field-driven directly visualized surface. Using microscopy, observe vastly different along two principle directions. These striking differences are found due surface-termination coordination yields energetics interaction strengths for charges